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These are terms I encounter and look up in my general work as a translator. The main purpose is to provide an easy reference for myself in order to write the special diacritical marks in HTML, and secondarily to recall the meanings of words. I am not a Sanskrit scholar, and there are better resources out there than this.

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SANSKRIT AND OTHER INDIAN LANGUAGES

Some notes on HTML codes for transliterating Sanskrit.

Here are vowels with lines on top of them:
Ā = Ā
ā = ā
Ē = Ē
ē = ē
Ī = Ī
ī = ī
Ō = Ō
ō = ō
Ū = &#x16a
ū = ū

Consonants with lines on top:
ñ = ñ (not really a line, but a tilde)

Letters with dots above or below:
There is a combining diacritical symbol for a dot above a letter, another symbol for a dot below. In some applications the dot is placed in line with the symbol, but in others it is behind or ahead.
A dot above is the symbol ˙. Below are examples:
a a˙ — b b˙ — c c˙ — d d˙ — e e˙ — f f˙ — g g˙ — h h˙ — i i˙ — j j˙ — k k˙ — l l˙ — m m˙ — n n˙ — o o˙ — p p˙ — q q˙ — r r˙ — s s˙ —t t˙ — u u˙ — v v˙ — w w˙ — x x˙ — y y˙ — z z˙ —

A dot below is the symbol ̣. Below are examples:
a ạ — b ḅ — c c̣ — d ḍ — e ẹ — f f̣ — g g̣ — h ḥ — i ị — j j̣ — k ḳ — l ḷ — m ṃ — n ṇ — o ọ — p p̣ — q q̣ — r ṛ — s ṣ —t ṭ — u ụ — v ṿ — w ẉ — x x̣ — y ỵ — z ẓ —

There are single codes for letters plus dots or dashes. The problem is that in my setup, these are displayed in different fonts. Below are the letters and codes for dots and dashes:
Ā = Ā — ā = ā — Ạ = Ạ — ạ = ạ
Ḃ = Ḃ — ḃ = ḃ — Ḅ = Ḅ — ḅ = ḅ — Ḇ = Ḇ
Ċ = Ċ — ċ = ċ
Ḋ = &2690; — ḋ = ḋ Ḍ = &7692; — ḍ = &7693; — Ḏ = &7694; — ḏ = &7695; —
Ẹ = &7864; — ẹ = ẹ
Ḟ = &Ḟ — ḟ = ḟ
Ḡ = Ḡ — ḡ = ḡ
Ḣ = Ḣ — ḣ = ḣ — Ḥ = Ḥ — ḥ = ḥ ẖ = ẖ
Ī = Ī — ī = ī — Ị = Ị or Ị — ị = ị or ị
Ḱ = Ḱ — ḱ = ḱ — Ḳ = Ḳ — ḳ = ḳ — Ḵ = Ḵ — ḵ = ḵ —
Ḷ = Ḷ — ḷ = ḷ — Ḻ = Ḻ — ḻ = ḻ
Ḿ = Ḿ — ḿ = ḿ — Ṁ = Ṁ — ṁ = ṁ — Ṃ = Ṃ — ṃ = ṃ
Ṅ = Ṅ — ṅ = ṅ Ṇ = Ṇ — ṇ = ṇ — Ṉ = Ṉ — ṉ = ṉ — Ṋ = Ṋ — ṋ = ṋ
Ō = Ō — ō = ō — Ọ = Ọ — ọ = ọ — Ỏ = Ỏ — ỏ = ỏ
Ṗ = Ṗ — ṗ = ṗ
Ṛ = Ṛ — ṛ = ṛ — Ṝ = Ṝ — ṝ = ṝ — Ṟ = Ṟ — ṟ = ṟ
Ṡ = Ṡ — ṡ = ṡ — Ṣ = Ṣ — ṣ = ṣ
Ṫ = Ṫ — ṫ = ṫ — Ṭ = Ṭ — ṭ = ṭ — Ṯ = Ṯ — ṯ = ṯ
Ū = Ū — ū = ū — Ụ = Ụ — ụ = ụ
Ṽ = Ṽ — ṽ = ṽ — Ṿ = Ṿ — ṿ = ṿ
Ẇ = Ẇ — ẇ = ẇ — Ẉ = Ẉ — ẉ = ẉ
Ẋ = Ẋ — ẋ = ẋ
Ẏ = Ẏ — ẏ = ẏ
Ỹ = Ỹ — ỹ = ỹ
Ż = Ż — ż = ż — Ẓ = Ẓ — ẓ = ẓ — Ẕ = Ẕ — ẕ = ẕ